پیامدهای دکترین کارتر برای همکاری های نظامی بین آمریکا و عربستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار رشته روابط بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران. ایران

چکیده

به سبب قرابت و نزدیکی موجود بین امریکا و عربستان سعودی از تعاملات میان این دو کشور اغلب به عنوان "رابطه خاص" یاد می کنند.  این رابطه خاص در واقع چیزی نیست جز یک رابطه حامی-پیرو. موضوع این مقاله بعد نظامی این رابطه  می باشد. به عبارت دقیق تر این مقاله به کندوکاو در پیامدهای اعلام دکترین کارتر برای رابطه دفاعی میان دو کشور در اثناء سال های بین 1979 تا 1989 می پردازد. در این نوشتار تلاش بر ان است که نشان داده شود که مطرح شدن دکترین کارتر سبب تحولات بنیادی در پیوندهای نظامی میان دو کشور گشت به نحوی که سیاست های دفاعی عربستان سعودی از ان پس کاملا تابع استراتژی نظامی امریکا برای دفاع از جنوب غربی اسیا گشت. این نوشتار ابتداء بحثی اجمالی در مورد رابطه حامی-پیرو به عنوان یک رابطه امنیتی ارائه می دهد. سپس به بررسی  پیامدهای  دکترین کارتر برای همکاری نظامی دو کشور می‌پردازد و در خاتمه یک نتیجه گیری ارائه می دهد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


 
 Acharya, Amitav. (1989), U.S. Military Strategy in the Persian Gulf: Origins and Evolution under the Carter and Regan Administrations. London: Routledge.
 Alaolmolki, Nozar. (1977), “Emergence of a Regional Hegemonial Power: Iran as a Case Study in the Region of the Persian Gulf,” Ph.D. Thesis, Miami University.
 Armstrong, Scott.  “Saudis’ AWACS Just Beginning of New Strategy,” Washington Post, November 1, 1981.
Armstrong, Scott. “Eye of the Storm”, Mother Jones. November/December 1991.
 Bin Sultan, Khaled. (1995), Desert Warrior: A Personal View of the Gulf War by the Joint Forces Commander. London: Harper Collins.
 Cordesman, Anthony H. (1984), The Gulf and the Search for Strategic Stability: Saudi Arabia, the Military Balance in the Gulf, and Trends in the Arab-Israeli Military Balance. Boulder and London: Westview Press and Mansell Publishing.
  Cordesman, Anthony H. (1987), Western strategic Interests in Saudi Arabia. London: Croom Helm.
 Cordesman, Anthony H. (1988), The Gulf and the West: Strategic Relations and Military Realities. Boulder and London: Westview Press and Mansell Publishing.
Gamlen, Elizabeth J. (1993), “U.S. Strategic Policy toward the Middle East: Central Command and the Reflagging of  Kuwait’s Tankers” in Hooshang Amirahmadi, ed.,  The United States and the Middle East: A Search for New Perspectives. Albany: State University of New York Press.
 Gold, Dore. (1988), America, the Gulf and Israel: CENTCOM (Central Command) and Emerging U.S. Regional Security Policies in the Middle East. Jerusalem and Boulder: Jerusalem Post and Westview Press.
 Klare, Michael T. (1984), American Arms Supermarket. Austin: University of Texas Press.
 MacDonald, Charles G. (1984),  “US Policy and Gulf Security,” in Robert G. Darius, John W. Amos, and Ralph H. Magnus, eds., Gulf Security into the 1980s: Perceptual and Strategic Dimensions. Stanford, Cal.: Hoover Institution Press.
 Noyes, James H. (1982), The Clouded Lens: Persian Gulf Security and US Policy, 2nd ed. Stanford, CA: The Hoover Institution Press.
 Robinson, Clarence A. Saudi Arabia Special Report, “U.S. Pushes Regional Stability,” Aviation Week & Space Technology, May 23, 1983.
 Safran, Nadav. (1991), Saudi Arabia: The Ceaseless Quest for Security. 2nd ed. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
 “Saudis Preparing for Shahine-2 Missiles”, Aviation Week and Space Technology, February 20, 1984, pp. 66-67.  
 “Saudis Reject the Idea of a US Base,” New York Times, February 27, 1979, p. A2.   
 Stivers, William. (1986), America’s Confrontation with Revolutionary Change in the Middle East, 1948-83. London: Macmillan.
 United States Congress. (1976), House, Committee on International Relations, Subcommittee on International Political Affairs, Military Sales to Saudi Arabia-1975, 94th Congress, First Session, November 4 and December 17, 1975.Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
 United States Congress, (1979), House, Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on Europe and the Middle East, Activities of the United States Army Corps of Engineers in Saudi Arabia, 96th Congress, First Session, June 25, 1979. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
 United States Congress, (1980), House, Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on Europe and the Middle East, U.S. Interests in, and Policies toward, the Persian Gulf, 1980, 96th Congress, Second Session, 1980. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
United States Congress. (1981), Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, Arms Sales Package to Saudi Arabia, 97th Congress, First Session, October 1, 5, 6, 14, and 15, 1981. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
 United States Congress. (1981), Senate, Committee on Armed Services, Military and Technical Implications of the Proposed Sale to Saudi Arabia of Airborne Warning and Control Systems (AWACS) and F-15 enhancements, 97th Congress, First Session, September 28, 30, 1981. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
 United States Congress. (1981), Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, The Proposed AWACS/F-15 Enhancements Sale to Saudi Arabia, September 1981. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.