زمینه های شکل گیری و تداوم بحران سوریه و رفتار بازیگران منطقه ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شیراز. شیراز. ایران

2 دانش‌آموخته مطالعات منطقه‌ای دانشگاه تهران. ایران

چکیده

بحران سوریه یکی از مهمترین تحولات امنیتی و ژئوپلیتیکی در خاورمیانه معاصر به‌شمار می‌آید که منجر به تغییر الگوهای امنیتی و رفتاری بازیگران در این منطقه شده است. این بحران در ادامه تحولاتی قابل تحلیل است که از اواخر سال 2010 از تونس آغاز شد و با برکناری زین‌الدین بن‌علی، رییس‌جمهور تونس، موجی از اعتراضات دموکراسی خواهانه را در جهان عرب ایجاد کرد که به "خیزش‌های عربی" معروف شد. آنچه در بررسی بحران سوریه اهمیت دارد، نقش قدرت‌های منطقه‌ای در تبدیل ناآرامی‌های مردمی به یک بحران فراگیر منطقه‌ای و بین‌المللی است؛ به‌گونه‌ای که می‌توان رقابت قدرت ناشی از اهداف متضاد ژئوپلتیکی میان قدرت‌های منطقه‌ای در خاورمیانه را عامل اصلی شکل‌گیری بحران سوریه به‌شمار آورد. بر این اساس، این پژوهش به‌دنبال بررسی نقش قدرت‌های منطقه‌ای در شکل‌گیری بحران سوریه و تداوم این بحران است. بنابراین، پرسشی که مطرح می‌شود این است که، مهمترین قدرت‌های دخیل در بحران سوریه شامل کدام قدرت‌ها می‌شود و اقدامات آنها در این بحران به چه شکل بوده است؟ در پاسخ به این پرسش، در پژوهش پیش رو به دو دسته قدرت‌های منطقه‌ای حامی دولت سوریه و قدرت‌های منطقه‌ای مخالف دولت سوریه و اقدامات آنها در شکل‌دهی و تداوم این بحران پرداخته شده است.  

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